A review on Inflammation and Cardiovascular Diseases: What is New?

Olumakinde Charles Omiyale; taiwo Temitope Ogunjobi; gbenga Jonathan Babalola; oluwatoyin Olabimpe Olofin; mariam Omonike Akib; mubaraq Yussuf; opeoluwa Olutunde Shodipe; chukwuka Francis Christian Ogbuefi; christian Albert Agyei-acheampong; confidence Damian Oparah; eniola Eunice Kolapo; emmanuel Niyi Olowe

doi:10.5455/EJSRR.20240602093947

Abstract
The widespread presence and effects of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) continue to be a major worldwide health concern, prompting a thorough investigation of advanced methods of therapy. Researchers discovered that high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) serves as an effective biomarker for assessing inflammatory risk in individuals with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). This discovery paved the way for the development of targeted therapies such as interleukin-6 inhibitors, personalized treatment plans through imaging methods, and innovative applications of anti-inflammatory drugs like colchicine. Inflammation has since come to light as a key component in the pathophysiology of several cardiovascular disorders, fundamentally altering our view of these difficult diseases. With an emphasis on the newest studies and targeted therapy approaches, it seeks to offer a thorough overview of the crucial role of inflammation in cardiovascular disorders. This study dives into the complex interactions between inflammation and the cardiovascular system, explaining how chronic, low-grade inflammation affects cardiac remodeling, arrhythmogenesis, endothelial dysfunction, and vascular damage. The discussion of key inflammatory mediators, immune cells, and signaling pathways responsible for these processes provides an overview of the inflammatory effects on cardiovascular health and function. In addition to traditional anti-inflammatory medications like statins and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), the study emphasizes the development of biologic medicines that precisely neutralize inflammatory mediators. It also covers personalized therapy, biomarker-guided treatment plans, and lifestyle changes as cutting-edge ways to improve therapeutic results. Understanding the comprehensive impact of inflammation on cardiovascular illnesses could revolutionize their management, reducing their worldwide burden and improving patient outcomes.

Key words: inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis, myocarditis, therapeutic targeting