Abstract
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is a persistent autoimmune disease marked by the immune system’s destruction of pancreatic beta cells, which are responsible for producing insulin. This leads to a lifelong reliance on externally administered insulin. In India, the incidence of T1DM is steadily increasing, presenting a growing public health concern. This comprehensive analysis aims to analyse the epidemiological trends, underlying causes, clinical characteristics, and management strategies of T1DM in India. The epidemiology section highlights the rising number of cases across various age groups and regions, drawing attention to existing inequalities in healthcare access and diagnostic infrastructure. The etiological discussion delves into genetic susceptibility and environmental factors, emphasizing the multifaceted mechanisms that drive the onset of T1DM in the Indian population. Clinical manifestations are discussed in terms of the varied symptoms, with a strong focus on the critical role of early diagnosis. The management section explores current treatment practices in India, including insulin therapy, the adoption of innovations such as continuous glucose monitoring, and the significance of patient education in fostering effective self-care. Key barriers like limited insulin availability, cost concerns, and adherence issues are also examined, pointing to areas in need of targeted interventions. Moreover, the review considers recent advances in T1DM research and healthcare initiatives in India, highlighting partnerships among clinicians, scientists, and advocacy groups. The potential of digital health tools and telemedicine is discussed to enhance care delivery and patient outcomes.

Key words: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Paediatric Diabetes, Epidemiology, India, Diabetic Ketoacidosis, Insulin Therapy, Public Health.