Precision Medicine In Chronic Disease Prevention and Management

Anthony Nduka Kokelu; Oluwaseun Joseph Ologunja; Tobechukwu Innocentia Anyawu; Titilayo Habeebat Shittu; Togaju Babatunde Kuboye; Favour Chisom Ezem; Blessing Oyinlola Makinde; Emmanuel Oluwabunmi Soyombo; Paul Oluwayomi Ologunja; Mubaraq Damilare Yussuf

doi:10.5455/JMRR.20250317032117

Abstract
Chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer are major global health challenges. Traditional treatment approaches often overlook individual differences in genetics, lifestyle, and environment, leading to variable outcomes. Precision medicine addresses this by integrating genomic, molecular, and clinical data to tailor prevention and treatment strategies. Advances in genetic screening, biomarkers, and pharmacogenomics have improved disease prediction and therapy, enabling more personalized healthcare.
In diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, polygenic risk scores and molecular profiling help identify high-risk individuals and guide early interventions. Cancer treatment has benefited significantly from targeted therapies and immunotherapies, improving patient outcomes. Additionally, precision nutrition and microbiome research are emerging as key tools in chronic disease prevention. Artificial intelligence and big data analytics enhance precision medicine by refining risk assessments and treatment plans.
Despite its promise, challenges such as ethical concerns, data privacy, and limited access to advanced technologies must be addressed. Expanding multi-omics databases and improving healthcare integration will be crucial for its widespread adoption. With continued research and collaboration, precision medicine can transform chronic disease management, offering more effective and individualized care.

Key words: Precision medicine, chronic diseases, genomics, pharmacogenomics, personalized healthcare.