Isolation, Antioxidant, cytotoxic and thrombolytic activity of Cynometra ramiflora

Md. Sohanur Rahaman Sohan; A.T. M Zafrul  Azam; Fatema-Tuz-Zohora; Susmita  Das; Mohiuddin Ahmed Bhuiyan; Monira  Ahsan

doi:10.5455/JPPR.20241023094802

Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study is to isolate, identify, and characterize bioactive chemical compounds from Cynometra ramiflora leaves and evaluate their potential biological activities, focusing on antioxidant, thrombolytic, and cytotoxic properties. Additionally, the study aims to explore the possible therapeutic applications of these compounds in medicine. Methods: the structures were determined and confirmed by infrared and one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy, including 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HSQC, HMBC, and COSY. The plant’s extracts, divided into n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and aqueous fractions, were tested for antioxidant, thrombolytic, and cytotoxic properties using the conventional method. Results: Phytochemical research afforded five compounds, one is γ-tocopherol (1), a chromanol derivative with three methyl groups, and a C16 side chain. The second is an acyclic diterpene, phytol (2). N-eicosane (3), tetradecane (4), and β-sitosterol (5) constitute the remaining substances. All five of these compounds were isolated for the first time from Cynometra ramiflora. The aqueous fraction showed strong antioxidant activity (IC50 = 60.35 µg/ml), outperforming ascorbic acid. Moderate thrombolytic activity was observed in all fractions, with clot lysis ranging from 28.8% to 33.2%, compared to the standard streptokinase (69.81%). The brine shrimp lethality test revealed lower cytotoxicity, with LC50 values significantly higher than the reference vincristine sulfate. These results suggest Cynometra ramiflora as a promising source of bioactive compounds with potential therapeutic applications in antioxidant and thrombolytic therapies, though further research is needed.

Key words: Cynometra ramiflora, γ-tocopherol, phytol, n-eicosane, tetradecane, β-sitosterol, antioxidant and cytotoxic activity