Lead-acetate-induced Nephrotoxicity and Electrolytes Changes in Clarias gariepinus and the Ameliorative Effect of Adansonia digitata Fruit Pulp

Hassan Abdulsalam; Mohammed Adam Chiroma; Joseph John Gadzama; Sani Dahiru; Halima Idrisa Gambo; Jamila Abdulhamid Atata; Sohnap James Sambo; Sani Adamu

doi:10.5455/JPPR.20240819085405

Abstract
Aim: To evaluate renal biochemical and some electrolyte changes induced by lead acetate (PbA) and the ameliorative effect of aqueous extract of Adansonia digitata fruit pulp (AEADFP) in Clarias gariepinus.
Methods: A total of 120 Clarias gariepinus weighing between 185 ± 5 g were assigned randomly into 6 treatment groups (A, B, D, E and F) of n=20. Group A was administered borehole water for 35 days; Group B, C, D, E and F were administered PbA for 14 days and subsequently borehole water, 195 mg/L of AEADFP, 390 mg/L of AEADFP, 585 mg/L of AEADFP and 15 mg/L of dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), respectively, for 21 days. Four fish per group were randomly selected on weekly basis for blood sampling, and serum biochemical analysis of renal function markers and some electrolytes.
Results: There was considerable (P<0.05) rise in urea, creatinine, sodium, chloride, bicarbonate and inorganic phosphate ions in PbA-induced groups B, C, D, E and F, at week 2 post-induction, with the highest values of 69 5 mg/dL, 6.5 0.3 mg/dL, 299 ± 62 mmol/L, 230 ± 11 mmol/L, 81 ± 2.0 mmol/L and 8.7 ± 2.0 mmol/L, observed, respectively. Contrarily, serum calcium and potassium ions were significantly decrease in the PbA-induced groups B, C, D, E and F, with at week 2 post-treatment, compared with the normal control group A. Treatment of the PbA-induced groups C, D, E and F with graded concentration of AEADFP resulted in significant alteration of the PbA-induced alterations, compared with the PbA-induced but untreated group B, but not PbA-induced and DMSA treated group F.
Conclusion: Our finding confirmed that, LA-induced renal and electrolytes biochemical alteration in Clarias gariepinus were ameliorated by AEADFP and DMSA.

Key words: Adansonia digitata, Clarias gariepinus, Electrolytes, Lead acetate, Nephrotoxicity