Medicinal Uses, Prevalence, and Mechanism of Action of Nigerian Plants with Psychoactive Properties

Mubaraq Damilare Yussuf; Anthony Nduka Kokelu; Emmanuel Amuchechukwu Kelvin; Muftanatu Gomina; Sa'adat Usman; Victory Chinaturum Nweze; Elizabeth Damilola Aluko; Ikechukwu Emmanuel Umeh; Adeola Titilayo Bello

doi:10.5455/JRCM.20250113095500

Abstract
Nigeria’s rich biodiversity hosts various psychoactive plants that have been pivotal in traditional medicine and cultural practices. This review examines the medicinal uses, prevalence, and mechanisms of action of prominent Nigerian psychoactive plants, including Datura stramonium and Carica papaya. These plants, utilized for centuries, exhibit pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and neuroactive effects, driven by their bioactive compounds like alkaloids and flavonoids. Traditional applications range from treating ailments like asthma, depression, and infections to roles in spiritual rituals. However, the recreational use and neurotoxic potential of these plants have raised public health concerns, particularly regarding substance abuse. This review highlights the need for a deeper understanding of their therapeutic benefits and risks, emphasizing the importance of culturally sensitive and evidence-based research. Insights from this study aim to inform clinical practice and shape policies to promote the safe and effective use of these plants in modern medicine.

Key words: Psychoactive plants, Traditional Medicine, bioactive compounds, Datura stramonium, Carica Papaya